"Sa silhouette droite et parfaite, musclée comme les meilleurs des anciens gladiateurs romains devaient l'être, et pourtant avec les courbes douces et sinueuses d'un dieu grec, racontait en un coup d'œil la merveilleuse combinaison d'une force énorme avec souplesse et vitesse."
Quand Edgar Rice Burroughs a écrit cette ligne pour son roman Tarzan des singes (1912), il a imaginé un homme dont le physique avait été façonné par la construction primitive de la jungle. Par nature, Tarzan serait agile, puissant et large d'épaules, ne portant aucun muscle qui ne soit pas inutile. Après tout, nous parlons d'un homme qui a grandi dans la nature, pas d'un mec qui a assommé des séries de soulevés de terre avec des troncs d'arbres tombés.
De 1918 à 2014, plus de 200 films de Tarzan ont été réalisés, à la fois animés et en direct. Pendant ce temps, de nombreux hommes bien bâtis ont dépeint le protagoniste sauvage à l'écran, mais aucun n'est peut-être plus fidèle à la vision de Burroughs qu'Alexander Skarsgård dans La légende de Tarzan. Ce que le public verra à l'écran sera très différent du parcours linéaire d'un garçon sauvage élevé par des singes.
VOIR ÉGALEMENT:Entraînement Tarzan : la répartition de la masse maigre d'une semaine de Skarsgard
"Le film commence [avec Tarzan] à Londres", explique Skarsgård. « Il est là depuis une décennie. Ce n'est pas le pagne "Me Tarzan, You Jane" auquel nous sommes habitués. C'est quelqu'un qui prend le thé avec le premier ministre. Son voyage le ramène dans la jungle [où il] revient à Tarzan. C'est donc le contraire - un homme civilisé qui revient à un état animal. Psychologiquement, c'est intéressant - cette dichotomie d'être un homme civilisé dans la société mais d'avoir l'instinct primaire d'un animal. Nous avons du mal avec ça. En tant qu'acteur, c'était excitant d'explorer ce voyage où il devenait une bête.
Et devenir une bête pour l'acteur d'origine suédoise, surtout connu pour son rôle de vampire coureur de jupons pendant sept saisons sur True Blood de HBO, était un peu un ours. Il a fallu huit mois à Skarsgård pour ressembler, bouger et se sentir comme un homme élevé dans la jungle, mais le deuxième jour du tournage, il est devenu évident que son travail acharné avait porté ses fruits.
"Quand il a enlevé sa chemise, la première chose que vous avez remarquée, c'est son dos", explique Magnus Lygdback, entraîneur de célébrités et architecte de la transformation physique de Skarsgård. "Vous pouviez entendre les gens chuchoter, et c'est là que j'ai su que nous l'avions fait."
MUSCLE PRIMAL
Il y a une scène mémorable d'IndianaJones de 2008 et du royaume du crâne de cristal où le personnage de Shia LaBeouf se balance sans effort d'arbre en arbre aux côtés d'une troupe de singes. Le public a éclaté de rire, incapable d'accepter qu'un enfant maigre vêtu d'une veste en cuir et d'un pantalon serré possédait suffisamment de force dans le haut du corps pour exécuter une seule traction, sans parler de suivre le rythme des primates. Pour éviter de tels scénarios, le Tarzan de Skarsgård devait avoir l'air suffisamment imposant pour se tenir de manière crédible face à des ennemis humains et des singes de 500 livres. Pour ce faire, il a fallu ajouter de la masse musculaire, une tâche qui s'est avérée difficile pour le 6'4 ", hardgainer naturellement maigre.
"Je voulais avoir un peu plus de poids mais pas trop gros", explique Skarsgård. "Il était important de travailler pour avoir l'air agile et flexible, comme quelqu'un qui pourrait se déplacer dans la jungle comme le ferait un animal. C'est son habitat naturel. Il n'y avait [to be] pas de volume inutile dont il n'a pas besoin.
L'autre composante était psychologique.
"[Le réalisateur David Yates] et moi avons beaucoup parlé de la façon dont Tarzan bougeait, de sa posture", a déclaré Skarsgård. "Quelqu'un qui est boutonné au début, très contrôlé, puis change lentement de posture au fur et à mesure qu'il accepte qui il est, son physique"
Lygdback avait affaire à un débutant relatif au gymnase avec Skarsgård, 39 ans. Donc, transformer son client d'homme de premier plan en homme-bête en toute sécurité nécessiterait du temps, de la patience, une attention aux détails et un plan de match axé sur la force et l'agilité de tout le corps.
Pendant les premiers mois, Skarsgård a fait au moins quatre entraînements de poids dédiés par semaine avec des séances supplémentaires de travail abdominal et de base parsemées tous les deux jours. Le cardio était inexistant pendant les trois premiers mois, car l'accent était mis sur l'ajout de masse. À quelques exceptions près, Lygdback a respecté les prescriptions de volume familières pour les groupes musculaires : 12 à 16 pour les muscles plus gros comme le dos et les jambes ; et 9–12 pour les deltoïdes, les biceps et les triceps. Mais pour établir la topographie arrière de Tarzan, Skarsgård faisait parfois plus de 20 sets.
«Nous avons commencé environ 12 répétitions, puis, après quelques semaines, nous avons commencé à devenir de plus en plus lourds. Mais nous n'avons jamais fait moins de 6 à 8 répétitions ni atteint la plage de 1 à 2 répétitions. Heureusement, il a bien réagi à l'entraînement, mais vous ne voulez pas être lourd [au début] quand quelqu'un n'a pas l'habitude de soulever.
Cela ne veut pas dire que les entraînements étaient faciles.
"Nous y sommes allés très fort mais nous avons quand même gardé une heure", révèle l'entraîneur. "Et nous n'avons jamais fait deux séances par jour pendant la phase de gonflement. Il faisait six ou sept jours par semaine, et quand nous avions besoin d'un jour de congé, nous prenions un jour de congé. Mais quand on a pris ces jours de repos, c'est parce que je l'ai fait se reposer. Il voulait y aller tous les jours.
Ce type d'horaire hardcore signifiait également que l'acteur autrefois filandreux devait adopter un régime riche en calories.
"Pendant les trois premiers mois, nous avons essayé de prendre du volume et je mangeais environ 7 000 calories par jour", se souvient Skarsgård, incrédule. « Il m'a donné ces boîtes de nourriture Tupperware avec du steak froid ou du poulet et des pommes de terre. Je mangeais constamment, constamment rassasié. C'était dur. Je me levais au milieu de la nuit et prenais des protéines et des pommes de terre.
"C'était fou", dit Lygdback. "Ce que je mange en une journée, il le mangerait en un seul repas."
À la fin du quatrième mois, Skarsgård avait ajouté 25 livres et faisait pencher la balance à 225.
RASAGE DE LA LIVRE
Après que Skarsgård ait ajouté le bœuf de la jungle requis, il était temps de le réduire et de passer à une phase de sculpture. Cela nécessitait un menu plus strict dépourvu de sucre, de gluten, de blé et de produits laitiers. Et non, il n'a aucune allergie.
"Lorsque nous sommes passés au régime plus strict, c'était difficile car il est difficile de rendre les choses savoureuses et intéressantes", explique Skarsgård. « Vous en avez marre. J'aime la nourriture et le vin et la bière et les aliments riches, mais je n'ai pas vraiment la dent sucrée. D'une manière presque sadique, [l'austérité] était excitante.
Lygdback ajoute: «Nous avons eu cinq semaines de coupe et de régime avant de commencer le tournage. Nous faisions 10 à 14 séances [d'entraînement] par semaine, y compris du cardio matinal. Et c'est beaucoup pour un gars qui est au régime, moins énergique, en déficit calorique et qui s'entraîne toujours dur.
Et puis, catastrophe.
"Dix jours avant le tournage, il a dû faire des tests de caméra, et c'était la première fois qu'il enlevait sa chemise devant des gens [depuis qu'il a commencé l'entraînement]", explique Lygdback. "Il suivait un régime, donc il était plat, pâle, n'avait pas de volume dans ses muscles et il avait beaucoup trop de graisse corporelle. Il avait fière allure, mais pas comme nous le voulions. Nous pouvions dire que David Yates n'était pas content.
Comme les bodybuilders avant la compétition, Skarsgård a appris que le corps commence à se révolter contre la privation en s'accrochant à chaque peu d'eau qui obscurcit le physique qu'il peut. À ce stade de la préparation de tout athlète, le corps pense à la survie, pas à la scène. Pourtant, cela n'a pas empêché Skarsgård, qui s'était torturé dans cet état, de paniquer.
"J'étais stressé parce que nous n'étions pas tout à fait là où nous voulions être", dit-il. "Je mangeais ce que j'étais censé manger et je m'entraînais deux fois par jour, et mon corps s'accrochait à ce dernier morceau de graisse."
La solution de Lygdback ? Mangez plus, entraînez-vous moins.
L'approche a laissé Skarsgård perplexe et, pour la première fois, il perdait confiance en son entraîneur. Mais Lygdback lui a assuré que son corps était tout simplement surentraîné.
Lygdback dit que les hormones de stress de Skarsgård étaient bien trop élevées, alors ils ont réduit de moitié son volume d'entraînement et, en secret, Lygdback a demandé au chef d'augmenter la teneur en glucides et en graisses des repas de Skarsgård. L'ajout de calories, de glucides et de graisses rassurerait le corps de Skarsgård sur le fait que la situation n'était pas si grave, l'incitant à réduire sa production de cortisol et lui permettant de brûler les graisses corporelles et d'évacuer l'eau sous-cutanée superflue.
"Ces derniers jours, il essayait de s'entraîner derrière mon dos, et j'ai dû l'arrêter physiquement", révèle l'entraîneur. Mais, hélas, au moment où la photographie principale a commencé, Skarsgård s'était taillé une place dans le personnage déchiqueté qu'il avait été engagé pour représenter.
Le Nouveau Tarzan
Pour imiter la transformation de Skarsgård, il vaut mieux suivre les principes de superposition que ses macros : ne prenez aucun raccourci, augmentez la consommation de calories et respectez le plan jusqu'à ce qu'il soit temps de changer les choses. Les entraînements eux-mêmes sont de nature plutôt banale, mais ils sont enracinés dans une philosophie éprouvée pour produire des résultats.
"Pour moi, c'était la platitude de" l'œil sur le prix "", explique Skarsgård. « C'est ce qui me motive au quotidien. J'étais excité quand je me suis réveillé. Chaque jour, chaque entraînement, chaque repas était un tremplin, et chacun d'entre eux est important. Il y avait aussi le défi de "Puis-je faire ça?" et "Comment mon corps va-t-il réagir?" J'étais vraiment curieux à ce sujet et très, très motivé.
Il se trouve que son exploration de devenir une bête signifiait également s'entraîner comme tel.
FAQs
How much weight did Alexander Skarsgård gain for Tarzan? ›
But his shredded body took serious work, including intense weightlifting and a 3,700 calorie-a-day diet. Skarsgård, 45, added about 20 lbs. of muscle for the movie with the help of trainer Magnus Lygdbäck, who helped him get in shape for 2016's The Legend of Tarzan.
What was Alexander Tarzan's diet? ›He embarked on a very strict "sugar-, gluten-, wheat-, dairy- and alcohol-free diet of six smaller meals per day alongside his twice-daily training sessions." In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, "Tarzan" co-star Margot Robbie remembers seeing how excited he got on the day he was allowed to eat an apple.
Did Alexander Skarsgård do his own stunts in Tarzan? ›We trained every day. The project was all-consuming.” Skarsgard performed a lot of his own stunts, including some of the regulation vine-swinging. Even the professionals, however, turned to a specialist for the more difficult aerial work.
Who was the best actor to play Tarzan? ›Weissmuller is probably the actor most synonymous with Tarzan, having played the character in no less than 12 MGM films in the 1930s and 40's, beginning with 1932's “Tarzan the Ape Man.” Many modern moviegoers may have never actually seen his performances, but it was his stint as Tarzan that gave us that distinctive ...
How is Tarzan so muscular? ›Alexander Skarsgård ate 7,000 calories a day to prepare for his role as Tarzan. According to Mr. Porter, he followed a strict gluten-, sugar-, dairy-, alcohol-, and wheat-free diet. He weight trained twice a day.
How did Tarzan get so ripped? ›For the first two weeks he was eating a classic 'steak and eggs' diet popularised by legendary trainer Vince Gironda in the 1950s. It's a zero carb, high protein, high fat diet based on steak and eggs for five consecutive days to get your body torching fat.
Why is Tarzan hairless? ›How does he shave? He shaved with a knife, in order to keep a part of his humanity. As Edgar Rice Borroughs cites in "Tarzan of the Apes": "True, he had seen pictures in his books of men with great masses of hair upon lip and cheek and chin, but, nevertheless, Tarzan was afraid.
Why does Tarzan beat his chest? ›Gorillas in films such as King Kong and Tarzan are depicted aggressively beating their chests when under threat. While the behavior is observed in male gorillas in the wild and researchers have speculated about what the behavior might mean, there hasn't been enough research to establish a consensus.
What does Alexander Skarsgård eat for breakfast? ›Skarsgård's daily routine
He would wake up and take a shot of ginger, cayenne and lemon. Then he'd do a 30-minute HITT cardio session before sitting down to a breakfast of 4 eggs, spinach and vegetables.
Alexander Skarsgård said he gained 20 pounds for the upcoming viking thriller "The Northman." He worked out five to six times a week, lifting both light and heavy weights, his trainer told Insider. Skarsgård ate lots of protein in a slight calorie surplus, Magnus Lygdbäck said.
How much muscle did Alexander Skarsgård gain? ›
Thanks for signing up! Alexander Skarsgård put on 20 pounds of muscle for his role in the viking thriller "The Northman," set to hit theaters today. The Swedish actor's trainer and nutritionist, Magnus Lygdbäck, spoke with Insider about how they built his physique for the role.
Were real animals used in Tarzan? ›THE LEGEND OF Tarzan is a film mainly set in the jungle, and features numerous high-action shots of animals – gorillas, lions, elephants and more. So you would expect that that the actors were bumping shoulders with all manner of wild creatures – when in fact, not one of the animals used in the film was real.
Who was the real life inspiration for Tarzan? ›"William Mildin, 14th Earl of Streatham, was the real-life inspiration for Tarzan of the Apes. In 1868 he was shipwrecked off West Africa at the age of 11, and spent 15 years living in the jungle, after which he lived in Thrale Road (not much difference there, then)."
Did they use real animals in Tarzan? ›“We didn't use real animals because it's very difficult to get wild animals to do what you want them to do in a way that's humane. With the advancements in modern technology today, it's not necessary. CG animals do exactly what you want, whenever you want, which is fabulous,” explains producer David Barron.
Who did the best Tarzan yell? ›The yell is dubbed by Brian Blessed, who voiced the villain Clayton. This was done after Tony Goldwyn, who voiced the title character, blew his vocals.
Who played the very first Tarzan? ›role in “Tarzan of the Apes”
film in 1918, with lantern-jawed Elmo Lincoln as the first movie ape-man. More than a dozen actors have since swung through the trees as Tarzan, the most popular having been Johnny Weissmuller, a former Olympic swimming champion.
"Tarzan" is the ape-name of John Clayton, Viscount Greystoke, according to Burroughs's Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle. (Later, less canonical sources, notably the 1984 film Greystoke, make him Earl of Greystoke.)
How strong was Tarzan supposed to be? ›Peak Human Strength: Tarzan is incredibly strong, seen when he pins down Kerchak and lifts at least two fully grown humans at the same time without any apparent effort. Peak Human Agility and Speed: Tarzan seems to be pretty agile and fast as he was able to swing through the trees and slide across branches.
What nationality is Tarzan? ›But the whiteness of Tarzan -- the fact that Burroughs even incorporated it into the character's name -- also highlights the colonial and racial nature of this fictional world. Tarzan, a British lord, is a white king of the African jungle.
What is the top speed of Tarzan? ›Thus, the maximum speed that Tarzan can tolerate is 4.82 m/s.
How much does Tarzan weigh? ›
Tarzan, who weighs 688N, swings from a cliff at the end of a convenient vine that is 18m long. From the top of the cliff to the bottom of the swing he descends by 3.2m. (a) What is his speed at the bottom of the swing?
What was the Tarzan workout? ›During his mass-gain cycle, Skarsgård would perform two to four conditioning workouts per week, which focused on full-body, functional movements like bear crawls and sprints. “We would do very short sets because we didn't want to waste much time on things other than building muscle,” explains trainer Magnus Lygdback.
Why did Tarzan yell? ›At least, that's how he explained it. The actor said when he read Tarzan books as a kid, he always imagined the yell sounding like a yodel, perhaps because he regularly belted out undulating falsettos of his own at German picnics in Chicago.
Did Tarzan have dreads? ›Physical appearance. Tarzan's brown hair is styled in long dreadlocks. He wears almost no clothes; the only piece of clothing he wears is a tattered, brown loincloth around his waist, and he is also barefoot.
How tall is Tarzan? ›Watch the Legend of Tarzan teaser trailer
Firstly, where in the jungle does Tarzan find the steady and reliable source of protein that allows him to build up such a towering physique? Skarsgard stands nearly 6 feet 5 inches tall, and he's carrying a lot of glistening muscle on that long frame.
Jane: The Woman Who Loved Tarzan by Robin Maxwell is a feminine take on the famous Burroughs novel. This book tells the famous story from the view point of Jane Porter, Tarzan's love interest.
What does it mean when a gorilla slaps the ground? ›Gorillas mate year round. Females will purse their lips and slowly approach a male while making eye contact. This serves to urge the male to mount her. If the male does not respond, then she will try to attract his attention by reaching towards him or slapping the ground.
How did Tarzan survive as a baby? ›This species unknown to science had a primitive language, calling itself the Mangani. An infant ape had died that morning, and its mourning mother, Kala, was still carrying its body. When she saw Tarzan crying, she dropped her dead infant in his crib and took him up. She raised him as her own.
What Tom Brady eats for breakfast? ›What does Tom Brady eat for breakfast? According to the TB12 Method website, Brady typically starts his day with 20 ounces of water and electrolytes followed by a high calorie, high fat, high protein smoothie. This is followed by a workout and then his next meal.
Does Mark Zuckerberg eat breakfast? ›Mark Zuckerberg
Much like his dedication to wearing the same outfit each day, Zuckerberg has a no-nonsense approach to breakfast. No time is wasted in preparation or decision making, and he simply tucks into 'whatever' takes his fancy before getting on with his day. Simple, sure, but possibly not always healthy.
How many calories did Alexander Skarsgård eat? ›
You have to get on top of both. You can't train and have a poor diet and expect results. You can run a marathon but it's not going to give you a six-pack”. Diet-wise, Skarsgård's diet varied from 3700 calories a day down to 3200, depending on which phase he was in.
What foods do you eat to bulk up? ›- Whole Milk and Cottage Cheese. ...
- Nuts and Nut Butters. ...
- Salmon. ...
- Avocado. ...
- Whole Eggs. ...
- Lean Beef. ...
- Coconut and Olive Oil. ...
- Sweet Potato.
Luckily, the pair were afforded enough time to fully commit to building Skarsgård's body. “We trained for 6 months to prep. If you get less than 3 months then you can't do a build-up and a cutting cycle, you have to do one long lean mass gaining cutting cycle.
Who has the biggest muscle ever? ›To put it lightly, Ronnie Coleman is regarded as the strongest and biggest bodybuilder of all time. This would arguably make him the greatest and most compelling athlete to ever step on the big stage.
Who has the most muscular back in the world? ›Ronnie Coleman always gets credit for his massive arms and legs, but his back was arguably his most astonishing asset on the stage. It helped carry him to 26 professional wins, including eight Mr. Olympia titles and the 2001 Arnold Classic championship.
Who is the largest muscle man? ›Oliver Richters from the Netherlands stands 7 feet, 1.9 inches tall (218.3 cm), and must eat 7 meals every single day, totaling 7,000 calories, in order to sustain his gargantuan gains.
Did Tarzan have a knife? ›One night when Tarzan was reading in his fathers cabin an ape from an enemy tribe saw him and attacked him. Tarzan was only a child at this time but was strong for his age and he fought back against the ape and killed him with his fathers hunting knife (which he had found in his cabin).
Was Tarzan raised by gorillas or wolves? ›Tarzan (Edgar Rice Burroughs' novels)
Though he was raised by apes, Tarzan grew into a traveling hero.
That's right. Probably the biggest misconception of them all: the “great apes” who raised Tarzan, although almost always depicted as plain old gorillas, were in fact a distinct fictional species that referred to themselves as the Mangani and to their larger enemies/cousins, the gorillas, as the Bolgani.
Who was the real life Tarzan in Vietnam? ›Ho Van Lang first fled to the jungle in 1972 with his father after half of his family died in the Vietnam War. He returned to civilization eight years ago and was diagnosed with liver cancer last year.
What does Tarzan mean? ›
noun. the hero of a series of jungle stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs. a person of superior or superhuman physical strength, agility, and prowess.
What happened to the original Tarzan? ›Johnny Weissmuller, 79, the Olympic swimming gold medalist who rose to worldwide fame as "Tarzan of the Jungle" in 18 motion pictures, died of a pulmonary edema Jan. 20 at his home in Acapulco, Mexico. He was the chest-beating, loin-clothed hero in Tarzan movies for two decades.
Are the lions in Tarzan real? ›Yes, you read that right. Though the film is packed with Africa's wildest creatures, not one of them is real: not the lion against which Alexander Skarsgard's Tarzan nuzzles; not the elephant whose trunk he caresses; not the ostriches with whom he runs or the wildebeest he corrals.
Who did Tarzan yell in 1932 movie? ›Tarzan's distinctive call was either created by sound recordist Douglas Shearer from various sounds, or it was indeed Johnny Weissmuller doing the yell himself.
What animals did Tarzan grew up with? ›The Mangani are represented as the apes who foster and raise Tarzan.
How much weight did Alexander Skarsgård gain for Northmen? ›Alexander Skarsgård said he gained 20 pounds for the upcoming viking thriller "The Northman." He worked out five to six times a week, lifting both light and heavy weights, his trainer told Insider. Skarsgård ate lots of protein in a slight calorie surplus, Magnus Lygdbäck said.
How much weight did Bill Skarsgard lose for Castle Rock? ›Bill Skarsgård lost a ton of weight to play his creepy "Castle Rock" character. In a new interview with GQ, the 27-year-old actor spoke about his transformation into a Shawshank prisoner on Hulu's upcoming horror show. "I lost almost 30 pounds," he told the magazine.
What ethnicity is Tarzan? ›Tarzan is a white European male who grows up with apes. According to "Taking Tarzan Seriously" by Marianna Torgovnick, Tarzan is confused with the social hierarchy that he is a part of. Unlike everyone else in his society, Tarzan is the only one who is not clearly part of any social group.
Does Tarzan have body hair? ›No. The fact is that Tarzan was beardless because all sexy Disney leading men are clean-shaven, with the notable exception of Phoebus/Flynn and their questionable soul-patch situations. You would at least think the human version of the Beast would have a nice, husky bushel, but no.
Why was Tarzan hairless? ›He shaved with a knife, in order to keep a part of his humanity. As Edgar Rice Borroughs cites in "Tarzan of the Apes": "True, he had seen pictures in his books of men with great masses of hair upon lip and cheek and chin, but, nevertheless, Tarzan was afraid.
Who is the hooded figure in Castle Rock? ›
Henry Deaver (The Kid) in the alternate timeline, presenting his invention for Alzheimer's. According to his story, he was the biological son of Ruth and Reverend Matthew Deaver, a child who in the present timeline was stillborn.
Was Bill Skarsgård the devil in Castle Rock? ›The monks insist the guy is the Devil and explain they've successfully held him for several years, but the traveler doesn't believe them. So, he helps the guy escape... only to discover he really IS the devil.
Who is Pennywise in Castle Rock? ›This may sound nuts, but there's actually a lot to support the idea that The Kid is actually Pennywise from It. Skarsgård is the obvious link, since he plays the maniacal clown in the recent film adaptation.
Who eats 4000 calories a day? ›4000 calories a day diet is not for everyone. This kind of eating plan is best left for bodybuilders and athletes who truly need these many calories due to their high-intensity workout routines. For anyone looking to gain weight or muscle, it would be best to speak to a doctor or dietitian on the matter.
How many calories did ancient humans eat a day? ›Most analyses of hunter-gatherer diets assume caloric intakes of approximately 3000kcal/day (1,4) a surprisingly large figure that exceeds typical contemporary intakes. The level of energy expenditure necessitated by pre-agricultural lifestyles, however, was much greater than that for average modern individuals.
Who eats 500 calories a day? ›Diets such as the 500-calorie diet are called very-low-calorie diets (VLCD). Although doctors have prescribed VLCDs for many years to treat some conditions, eating so little does come with risks. Doctors may recommend the 500-calorie diet to help people with obesity who cannot have bariatric surgery.